The Implication of Verses of Quran and Narrations on the Prohibition of Massacre
mostafa
azarakhshi
Assistant Professor in Islamic Studies, Shahid Beheshti University,
author
text
article
2018
per
One of the important issues for jurists is the protection of innocent people in military incidents. Since mostly war casualties include those who do not deserve to be killed, judicial institutions in last recent years have extensively strived to stop massacre. In the international instruments what have been considered regarding the prohibition of massacre is the fact that if persons are not distinguished from each other, the result would be the destruction of those who do not play role in the war; therefore, it is essential that in every attack a complete distinction must be made to recognize the military or civilian objectives. The “Principal of Distinction”, which in the international legal instruments goes back not to a long time ago, is emphasized in the verses of the Holy Qur'an and the words of the Prophet (PBUH) and his innocent Progeny (PBUTH), as well. One Qur’anic example of The Principal of Distinction and Prohibition of Massacre is the verse Fath: 25 that refers to this Principal by the phrase of “Law Tazayyalū La-ʽAdhdhabnā al-Ladhīn Kafarū Minhum” (if they were separate We would certainly have chastised the disbelievers).
Quranic Sciences and Tradition
University of Tehran
2008_9430
51
v.
1
no.
2018
9
24
https://jqst.ut.ac.ir/article_67962_489a980ff6415be3ec68f9fbb707f087.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jqst.2018.247557.668948
An Analysis of the Prophet Moses’ Story based on Jaap Lintvelt's Theory
fatemeh saeedeh
aghareb parast
Ph.D. student of Quran and Hadith Sciences, University of Isfahan;
author
Mahdi
motia
Associate Professor of Quran and Hadith Sciences, University of Isfahan,
author
text
article
2018
per
The complexity of the biography and mission of the Prophet Moses, peace upon him, in the Holy Quran, especially in comparison with the narrative in the Holy Scripture, requires a fresh exploration into the body of the story. This research is of a descriptive-analytic nature aimed at analyzing the narrative style and linguistic elements based on the Jaap Lintvelt's theory with a suggestion for solving complexities and resolving outer conflicts by justifying the inconsistencies between the Qur'anic stories and old texts. According to the theory, an analysis of the type of narration, comprising a description of the settings for the consistent and inconsistent stories, is attempted. The findings of the analysis reveal that the story of Moses, peace upon him, has been recounted inconsistently in terms of the "narration" genre, combining the textual and activist literature. The point of view is objective, omniscient point of view, and the plot pattern is structurally self-contained. The model role in the biography of Moses, peace upon him, confronts the audience with the most didactic interpretations, and, using a fine processing of the narration constituents, the omniscient depicts for the audience the spiritual journey in the most challenging individual and social aspects of life, thus rendering the Quranic rhetoric lucid and eloquent for the addressee.
Quranic Sciences and Tradition
University of Tehran
2008_9430
51
v.
1
no.
2018
25
44
https://jqst.ut.ac.ir/article_67963_84075aab4d7fdc646d48f91e96ada890.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jqst.2018.257726.669035
A Critical Analysis of Uri Rubin's View on the Adaptation of Verse "Become you Apes, Repelled!" from the Bible
ali
rad
Associate professor of University of Tehran, Farabi college
author
Hasan
Rezaee haftadur
Associate professor of University of Tehran, Farabi college
author
nasibeh
rezaei
M.A. Student of University of Tehran, Farabi college;
author
text
article
2018
per
In his study entitled "Become you apes, repelled!" [Quran 7:166]: The transformation of the Israelites into apes and its biblical and midrashic background, Uri Rubin relies on some reasons and evidences and uses a comparative-analytic method to claim that the qur’anic story of the metamorphosis of the Sabbath people into apes is taken from the biblical story Al-mann and al-salwa. The study at hand set out to analyze and evaluate Rubin's views and evidences through an analytical-critical method. Consequently, in addition to rejecting his claim using the qur’anic verses and biblical statements, this study has proved that the two stories are different from each other. Rubin's claim on the adaptation of the qur’anic verse "Become you apes, repelled!" from the Bible is under the influence of his view that the Qur’an is not a revealed book and is rather an adaptation of the Testaments. This wrong premise has caused him to adopt such a view and consider the qur’anic story as a reflection of the biblical story. Rubin has done a shallow comparison between the qur’anic verse "Become you apes, repelled!" and the biblical story of al-mann and al-salwa without any reference to the Islamic interpretive resources and merely based on the biblical and midrashic books and so, has ruled for their sameness. However, due to the different dates of the two stories, these two incidents have been distinct and Rubin's comparison is against the history and the narrative context of these two incidents.
Quranic Sciences and Tradition
University of Tehran
2008_9430
51
v.
1
no.
2018
45
66
https://jqst.ut.ac.ir/article_67964_392f904a8ffa40e94576de40f4033af2.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jqst.2018.259475.669052
The Analogy between Jesus and Adam Based on the Analysis of Key Concepts in the System of Human Creation Verses
Farzaneh
Rohani Mashhadi
Assistant Professor of Quran Miracle Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University
author
text
article
2018
per
Introduction / Background / Objective: The emergence of the theory of evolution in modern biology sparked considerable debate among scholars from around the world on the relationship between science and religion. Relevant to this debate is whether or not the text of the Qur’an is compatible with this (pseudo) scientific theory. The verse 59 of surah A’li Imrān (Q.3:59) that compares Jesus to Adam is one of the important documents that opponents and advocates of the evolutionary reading, refer to.
Methodology: The present study aims to explain the similarity between Jesus and Adam based on the key words in the collection of human creation verses as a system. Insan, bashar, nafs, ruh, khalq, amr, and istifa are critically important concepts for analyzing and understanding the verse (Q.3:59) as a part of this system. The two basic principles in this method are the principle of near-synonymy, rather than full-synonymy, and the principle of the Qur'anic truth.
Conclusion: The similarities between Jesus and Adam are primarily creation from the soil, like all human beings, and secondly, having the "nafs" (soul) inspired by the "ruh" (spirit) which has the nature of "amr"(decree) of the Lord, which makes him different from other human beings. This process is mentioned in the Qur'an as "istifa" (divine selection).
Quranic Sciences and Tradition
University of Tehran
2008_9430
51
v.
1
no.
2018
67
87
https://jqst.ut.ac.ir/article_67965_f1a6621c2acc81ed13ab114e6811d6f7.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jqst.2018.257910.669038
The Position of Hadith in Understanding Qur'an: A Comparison between Mirza Mahdi Isfahani's and Akhbaris' Opinions
Mohammad Reza
Shahroodi
Associate Professor in Quran and Hadith Sciences, University of Tehran
author
mohammad amin
tafazzoli
Ph. D Candidate in Quran and Hadith Sciences, University of Tehran
author
Mansour
Pahlevan
Profesor in Quran and Hadith Sciences, University of Tehran
author
text
article
2018
per
Mirza Mahdi Gharawi Isfahani, the founder of Khorasan school of thought, known as "Maktab-i Tafkik" (the School of Epistemological Distinction/or School of Seperation), is considered one of the contemporary Qur'an researchers, in addition to possessing absolute ijtihad and proficiency in intellectual sciences. The evidence for this claim is that some of his works belong to the category of Qur'an sciences, such as: “Maʼaref al-Qur'an”, “A Letter to Prince Afsar”, “A Treatise on Cause of I'jaz of Glorious Qur'an”, etc. He based his epistemic views on Qur'anic verses and traditions, and this tendency towards oral tradition and transmission has caused him, who is the first propagator of the Usuli school of Mirza Muhammad Hossein Naini, to be included in the group of Akhbaris. Akhbaris do not regard Usul al-fiqh (Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence) as a method for understanding Qura'nic teachings; On the contrary, they consider it to be derived from public knowledge, while Ayatollah Gharawi Isfahani laid stress on the necessity for Usul al-fiqh. Furthermore, some Akhbaris do not believe in the authoritativeness of Qur'anic clear texts (nusus) and do not regard the literal, manifest meanings (zawahir) of Holy Qur'an as valid proofs after searching for separated indications, while Mirza Mahdi Isfahani believes in the authoritativeness of them (i.e. Qur'anic clear texts). Therefore, the present article seeks to provide a detailed comparison of his viewpoint on the position of Hadith in understanding Qur'an with the Akhbaris' approach to this issue, and to explain their differences.
Quranic Sciences and Tradition
University of Tehran
2008_9430
51
v.
1
no.
2018
89
110
https://jqst.ut.ac.ir/article_67966_48ddff1cc090d4aaf1970d57e1f898ee.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jqst.2018.261263.669075
A Review and Analysis of the Documents on Imam Ridha's (AS) Debates in Iraq and Khorasan
asghar
qaedan
Associate Professor, Department of The History of Civilization of Islamic Nations, University of Tehran,
author
jamal
musavi
Associate Professor, Department of The History of Civilization of Islamic Nations, University of Tehran;
author
jafar
khosravian ghollezou
Ph. D. Candidate, Department of The History of Civilization of Islamic Nations, University of Tehra
author
text
article
2018
per
The debates of Imam Ridhā (AS) are of particular importance in the Imami Shiʻite religious literature. Although some scholars have raised doubts about their credibility and authenticity, they have been used and cited by many Hadith scholars and researchers. Imam Ridha's (AS) debates in Iraq and Khorasan are worth reviewing in terms of their documentation and textual evaluation in order to prove their credibility and authenticity. In this research, the documents of the debates have been examined from ʻIlm al-Rijal perspective. Muhammad ibn Fazl Hashemi, the narrator of Iraqi debates, and most of the Rijal of Khorasan debates, such as Hassan ibn Muhammad Nufali and Abu Amar Muhamad Ibn Omar Ibn Abd al-Aaziz al-Ansari al-Kaji (circa 340 hijri) and Abu Muhamad Jafar Ibn Ali Ibn Ahmad al-Qommi al-Ilaqi known as Ibn al-Razi are considered by Rijali scholars as reliable narrators because of their close relations with trusted scholars of Rijal. “Al-Kharaij wa al-Jara'ih” of Ravandi, and ʻUyun Akhbar al-Redha (AS) of Saduq are the oldest sources of these debates.
Quranic Sciences and Tradition
University of Tehran
2008_9430
51
v.
1
no.
2018
111
129
https://jqst.ut.ac.ir/article_67967_635072384c8787348b3e7531c0ca3430.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jqst.2018.251604.668990
The System of al-Tawheed al-af’aali in Holy Qur’an and Hadith
majid
maaref
Professor of Quran and Hadith Sciences, University of Tehran
author
ghasem
faez
Professor of Quran and Hadith Sciences, University of Tehran
author
hamid
modarresi
Ph. D Candidate, Quran and Hadith Sciences, University of Tehran
author
text
article
2018
per
A system is referred to as a set of elements that are related to each other and seeking a single goal. “al-Tawhid al-Afa’ali”, like other systems, has pillars related to each other and a general purpose. God at the head of this system has the place of origin of the act. “Asma Ullah” or literally names of God, the contrive angels and the mediators of direct acts are the other pillars of “al-Tawhid al-Afa’ali” system and play the role of mediating the release of act. Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) are also the other pillar of this system, which are the ultimate goal of creation. In the release of every act of God, these elements act as the intermediary of the act or the act's accomplishment, and they all pursue a common goal. According to the verses of the Qur'an and the narratives of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them), Giving the situation of worshiping God to human beings is the general goal of creation and also “al-Tawhid al-Afa’ali” system.
Quranic Sciences and Tradition
University of Tehran
2008_9430
51
v.
1
no.
2018
131
145
https://jqst.ut.ac.ir/article_67970_4c431e69270781066bf8c8be5549cf76.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jqst.2018.250422.668971